2nd Part of Assessment Task 1 Revision Prep

There are many different views of whether Urban consolidation or Urban Sprawl is better. There are a lot of people who believe that Urban consolidation is not a good option; they believe that Urban consolidation is actually terrible. However people believe that housing in suburbs are better.
People believe that Urban consolidation is bad for the environment; they believe that it ruins the environment because of the carbon dioxide that comes out and they believe that it takes up a lot of space. It is also a problem for privacy reasons; if there is a house next to high rise apartment then there no actual privacy for the people living in the house because all the people on that side of the high rise building can see what the person in the house is doing, whether she's hanging the washing or doing anything else. However Urban Sprawl is harder because you have all the extra things you need to do, such as clean the garden etc. It is also harder because if you live in a house without having gas or air conditioning then you will need to buy gas, which is painful compared to urban consoldation (high rise buildings) being build with gas and air conditioning.

I spoke to people from both sides; one beleived that Urban sprawl was better than Urban Consolidation and the other believed that Urban consolidation was better than Urban sprawl. 
The person who was against urban consolidation said "Having more high rise buildings that fit more people, will have major impacts on Australia. There will be job shortages, human resources will probably run out, more pollution with both rubbish and garbage but also carbon dioxide from the fuels and light and sound pollution; it would also be very crowded, even more crowded than it already is. A huge problem will also be that more people will just migrate to Australia and more asylum seekers. For a person to live next door to a high rise building will be an invasion of privacy; people in the building will be able to watch the people living in the house because the building would be higher up, and so the people who live in the house will be watched nearly every time of the day. When they hang the washing, perhaps when they are having dinner, when they are entertaining their guests etc. it is just one huge invasion of privacy!"
The person who was against Urban sprawl said "Having high rise building's is the best thing because you can have lots of people staying in the one area an so the population can grow without taking up too much space. Living in a building will also mean that the rooms would already have internet, air conditioning and heating, and another advantage would be that the citizens who stay in the building wouldn't have to clean their garden as they wouldn't have a garden. Life would be just way easier!"

I beleive that the person who was against Urban Consolidation was more effective. Urban consolidation is not a good, having the invasion of privacy, having more pollution which will cause more natural disasters due to global warming, and we will run out of human resources such as petrol. I do believe that Urban Sprawl is a better urban thing to have and is a much healthier alternative to Urban consolidation.

1st Part of Assessment Task 1 Revison Prep

The population growth is going to have an impact on the cities. 
The population growth will cause there to be more urban consolidation and less urban sprawl, which will mean that there probably will be more angry citizens. Urban sprawl is where houses are build in a suburb (like Turrumurra or Wahroonga) and Urban Consolidation is high rising and is used to have more people living in one area and that way the population will grow and so people will all live in the same square metre. There will be more pollution due to the cause of the population growth increasing and as such there will also be more energy and electricity required to run the city and there will be less space and more condined space where it will be harder for people to move around in and harder for people to go to places without being in huge lines.

As Sydney's population grows to over 4.5 million, it's future population growth will be shaped by the force of globalisation. Sydney is a city where many of the manufacturing and industrial activities are being replaced by new technology and information-based industries. Sydney currently has 30% of Australia's occupations in the financial and business services and over 60% of the regional headquarters. 
Sydney itself has the biggest population of Australia with the population of 3 502 000 people, with the land area of 1687 km squared and has the population density of 2076 km squared. However it is a smaller population to Japan, Mumbai, Cairo, Paris, and London. The population growth in Sydney is predicted to be 40 600 people over the next 30 years. 

These statistics prove that Sydney and Australia will increase in population growth, and so will others in other countries. Sydney and Australia hasn't got the biggest population in the world, in fact it is one of the smallest but sill the population increase will impact the city to all sorts of problems like pollution, jobs decreasing and less wealthier people.

The population growth for Sydney will not be good and will cause harder life for people. It means that the human resources may run out, the energy and electricity could run out and in fact there will be needed more food and some people will be unemployed as most of the jobs will probably be taken and full.    

The government is the people who are allowing more high rise buildings to go up when there are plenty already. They are the ones who want to continue building the apartments; even when there aren't even any more needed.

Urban Sprawl or Urban Consolidation: Green Square

Green Square is an example of urban consolidation as it is going to house more people then Jordan Springs and it is smaller, so the only way of doing this is to make it urban consolidation and so it will have apartments (buildings, not houses).

The benefits of this area are that it will house more people in a small area then lots of people in a large area. It will be good for people who need to go on business trips as it is closer to the airport then some places. It is a reasonably good place for couples without children, rather than with families.

The negative side of this development is that it isn’t really a good place to have children there, so not a good place for a family. There may be sound pollution from planes because of being close to the air port. It could be crowded there and so there will be lots of people there, and that means lots of cars on the road or people walking around, so increase in population.   

Urban Sprawl and Consolidation: Jordan Springs

It is an example of urban consolidation because in Jordan Springs there is a new coming up suburb that will soon be built, and so it is a low density area. It will create more pressure on the public transport, but only buses. For each house there will be like a garage that can have two to three cars in it.

I believe it is a positive development because it provides more work/ job for people to have. There will be lots of places going up such as houses, shops, supermarkets, cafe’s and so provides a lot of job’s for people who need jobs. Unfortunately it will affect animal habitats and forests to create the actual suburb and so many animals will lose their homes and could probably die. There may be ferrel animals that may feed and probably will feed upon human waste and the trash from the people.

Examples of Urban Consolidation

Urban Consolidation is the redevelopment of parts of a city to achieve a higher population density, characterised by high-rise apartment complexes and villa developments. The city is full of buildings but not just work buildings such as Telstra or just business buildings but the city has apartments and high-rise buildings to accomodate more people in that area unlike urban sprawl. Urban consolidation is also in the outskirts where most of the urban sprawl is; such as Pacific Highway in Wahroonga near opposite Knox Grammar School.

Urban Consolidation on Pacific Highway

Examples of Urban Sprawl

Urban Sprawl is the characteristic of Australian cities where population growth has caused expansion outwards in size with the creation of new low-density suburbs. Suburbs like Turrumurra and Warrawee and Hornsby are in the outskirts (sort of) because we are North of the city, it is far from the city (not too far but reasonably far). Gosford is another example of urban sprawl.



Turrumurra



The Top 5 Most Least Expensive Suburbs

The top five less cheaper suburbs in Sydney are:

• Castle Hill
• Gordon
• Manly
• Blacktown
• Gosford

These suburbs are probably less cheap because they are in places that are hard to get to (e.g. the transport is perthetic unless have a car), they are probably in areas that don't have great views and they are also probably in areas that gangs may hang out (where a lot of violence happens) however some of the places may just be cheaper, without it meaning anything or having any problems with it; but most of the time they are the reasons for the less expensive.


Blacktown School



Top Five Expensive Suburbs

The top five expensive suburbs in Sydney are:

• Vauclose ($3.7 million)
• Bellevue Hill ($3.35 million)
• Dover Heights ($2.7 million)
• Palm Beach ($2.69 million)
• Woolwich ($2.48 million)

These suburbs are probably expensive to live in because they are probably areas that are near the sea, and they are probably in the better parts of the Sydney to be. They are also close to the city, being near all the good shops and being close to all the transport. The houses at these suburbs would probably be expensive because of the great sea view; so aesthetics.


A typical Vauclose house



Australia- The Urban Nation Questions (Page 213)

1. The term urban sprawl is when the city spreads outwards (increases) because more people have moved to the outskirts of the city called suburbs. (Example is Turrumurra)
2. Urban consolidation is when they build sky scrapers to accomodate more people (like hotel) or they build apartments and flats to accomodate more people that way it doesn't take too much space up so the government can build something else important there. 
3. A highly urbanised country is a country that has a huge population; and huge tourism industry. An example is Australia or was Japan (since 2011, March- The Earthquake and Tsunami)
4. Australia is a highly urbanised country because Sydney itself has a population of 3 502 000 people, land area 1687km squared, and 2076km squared population density.
5. The factors that have influenced the location of Australia's capital cities are that if anyone comes here on a holiday or for work they have a good time because Australia is such a nice place to be. Nice people, nice animals, nice cities (cleaner than some), great things to do, good weather etc. So basically tourism would influence the location of Australia (especially to the Americans who don't know where Australia is- no offence)
6. Population density is similar to the land area; except it is, how much space is left? Is it crowded? What is the air like. So it is very similar to the land area except it has its own features.
7. Australia isn't as big population as some countries, but it certainly has quite a big population. Japan, and a lot of countries in Europe have a more bigger population then Australia.
8. At the moment urban consolidation is increasing, which is driving people crazy, people hate having apartments and buildings with people living in them right next to their house as it is a huge invasion of their privacy. There will soon be more apartments and buildings acommodating people then housing.
9. Urban planners are the ones coming up with the ideas of building the apartments, flats, skyscraper apartments. They are the ones that are thinking about the ideas and then giving them to the ideas to the government so the government can actually do the building; of course using the tax money in which we pay.
10. a) Paris covers the largest land area. b) Population density is probably calculated by the tax and energy used and probably calculated via tally's. c) Australia has the most population density then, Melbourne, Adelaide, Woollongong, Perth, Gold Coast, New Castle, Canberra, Brisbane and Gosford.
11. The people living below the apartments will probably be furious. They will have to put up with being covered by the huge building and they will probably always have people invading their privacy, people looking in from their own windows. There will probably be not very much space to park around there and it will probably always be busy.
12. Living in apartments would be nice because you can actually have air conditioners, and heaters whereas you may not have that living in a house. You wouldn't have to clean the garden because there would be cleaners who do that (the bottom garden as you wouldn't have a garden)

Urban Renew and Decay Vocab

Aesthetics- Aesthetics is the way something looks. It is a branch of of philosophy dealing with beauty and taste, and art and with the creation of beauty. The Eiffel Tower is an example of urban aesthetics as it is very beautiful, especially at night when the the lights are on; shining the tower.

Safety- Safety is a quality of being safe, not causing injury, danger or loss of loved ones (death). There are items that stop people from being in danger or help people to understand that danger is near and they are signs. There are danger signs all around cities and places to prevent people from doing things, going places of danger.

Slums- Often slums are thickly populated, run-down, morally degraded part of a city, mostly inhabited by poor people. In India there are many slums around. When walking on the side of a road you can see slums all around and poor people cleaning their clothes and bathing in the only water source (the water that people drink. Slums are usually in poorer third world countries.

Decay- Decay is the gradual falling into an inferior condition in an object. It is the process in which part of a city or even a city falls into a state not suitable for living in. It becomes dangerous place (meaning that bad people and gangs tend to hang around it) and that levels or items may collapse within the place that has decayed. The picture shows that if not cared for properly then it becomes neglected and less aprreciated by society.

Reconstruction and Renewal- Reconstruction and renewal is opposite to 'decay'. It is the process where decayed parts of the city or society is reconstructed into beautiful and civilised places. Most of the time, when places are reconstructed the crime rates go down because there is people living there however it may not completely go down.

Transport- Transprt is to carry, move, or convey from one place to another. Another way of understanding is it's the act of transporting or conveying. Transport has to fit in with its surroundings (it has to fit), so if it was a very crammed street in a city, would you be able to fit a train there? A lot of transport is being placed underground such as train stations (trains) and tunnels of which cars travel through. Transport is also used on bridges such as the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

Suburbanization- Suburbanization is similar to towns, except towns are really big and suburubs are not as big. Suburbanziation is basically just residential communities living in the outskirts of a city. Most of the people live in suburbs rather than in the city and so that statistic shows that the city is no longer the more popular place to live in.

Environmental Factors- Environmental Factors are just factors that are of matter. They are factors that the councils and governments need to see to getting them fixed other wise there won't be a complete functional running city. Environmental Factors are also finding away to fix problems, it is to fix a problem such as a city is build next to a river and then the other half of the city is built on the other side then what would they do? They would build a bridge and so that way they can get across to both sides of the city. An example could be Sydney Harbour Bridge.

Light and Sound- Light and sound are found everyday, everywhere around cities. Sounds can be really loud and so annoys people in cities as well as it causes sound pollution, which is nearly as bad as the transport noises and light in the city is so bright that it can be seen from miles away and light also causes light pollution. The city never sleeps. The lights use up lots of energy and electricity and so thats where all the energy is used up from.

Chapter 7.8 Dune Revegetation at Stuarts Point Questions

1. The coastal dune management area that is of the is Stuarts Point and it is a small coastal village located on the mid-north coast of New South Wales. Stuarts Point was conducted on the sand dunes. Stuarts Point dune area is 5km long with its width varying from between 200 to 400 metres.
2. The Timeline below is in bulletform:
   

   1893- The mouth of the Macleay River in 1893 was just south of Grassy Head headland.

   1965- The Solid Conservation Service provided native plant seedlings and planting advice to the association of Stuarts Point in what was to be the start of the revegetation program for the dunes.

   1970- In 1970 a joint venture involving the Department of Lands, the Department of Public Works, the Macleay Shire Council, and the Soil Conservation Service of New South Wales was established.
3. The role of the local community is to keep planting more plants and to keep the revegetation going because if the planting is stopped then the beach could be and the people, and even housing could be threatened.
4. The Sand Dune area is important to the people of Stuarts Point because other than the great publicity and tourism it gets, it could possibly prevent the safety of the beach and properties around the beach. Everything could be threatened and dangerous as well as loss of money from tourism.
5. The natural vegetation succession on sand dunes is pretty big. There is vegetation on the incipient dune (grasses and creepers), the fore dune (shrubs and short lived trees), and then there is the hind dune (long-lived trees).
6. Vegetation is so important in stabalising sand dunes because the vegetation prevents the sand from blowing away. It keeps the sand and minerals fixed in space. If the sand blows away then the dune could blow away and then there would be know dune; and if there is a settlement or something built on the dune and it blows away then the settlement or building may collapse. 
7. The cattle grazing on the sand dunes made it very fragile and made the vegetation on it, become destroyed. The vegetation was either stepped on or eaten by cows and other animals.
8. The changes that would have occurred would have been that with the vegetation gone, the only thing showing would have been plain sand. Deposition would have occurred because without the vegetation the sand would have been left unprotected and not fixed together and so the wind would have been able to and probably transported the sand and minerals elsewhere.
9. The groups involved in the rehablititation program were the Soil Conservation of NSW, the Department of Public works and the Macleay Shire Council, the Department of Land, the Local Stuarts Point community, and the Stuarts Point Progress Association.
10. The first stage involved is using a tractor to form a small foredune. On top of this a dune-forming; a fence was constructed. Coastal Spinifex and marram grass was then placed onto it. The second stage involved planting trees along the riverbank to stabilise the western area. They then planted native seedlings in the area between the foredune and the riverbank. Then fast growing wattle were planted then coastal tertiary species were planted.  
11. The geographical processes that would have caused the mouth to silt up was longshore transportation, longshore drift and deposition. Which causes it to prevent any access of boats.
12. Revegatetaion helped do a lot of things for a lot of things; some things were: Stabalising sand dunes- the stabalisation of the sand dunes were very successful as they are still there and haven't been blown away. There is now little evidence that the sand blows away because of wind; only the sand that doesn't have plants on it. Protecting the Macleay River Ecosystem- this was of great success as well because the council's managed to replant the vegetation and plants on the dunes without causing harm or effecting them. There is only one issue though, a plant called the Bitou Bush, which is a harmful weed that is spreading all over and around the dunes and the dune systems. Benefiting groups from the local community- was a huge success, the community now has an easy accessible pathway.